Quick answer
Appearances invert. The verse describes two people performing a financial position that is not theirs, and it declines to say which is which.
Read both lines
The construction leaves the verse deliberately open. It can describe pretense in both directions, a man posturing as wealthy while insolvent and a man playing poor while sitting on a fortune. It can also describe generosity, a man who impoverishes himself and is rich in what matters. Proverbs offers no verdict, and the ambiguity is the teaching: what a person displays about their money is not evidence of anything. Read next to verse 8, which sets a rich man's ransom against a poor man's freedom from threat, the chapter is running a sustained argument that wealth is a less reliable indicator than anyone assumes.
Related: Proverbs 13:8 · Proverbs 11:24 · Proverbs 12:9
New King James Version®, Copyright © 1982, Thomas Nelson. All rights reserved. Full copyright information. Scripture provided by API.Bible.
Go Deeper
If this verse has been used to put weight on you that it was never carrying, ask about it directly.