A genuinely puzzling verse whose two halves are hard to line up.
Quick answer
Money can buy a wealthy man out of danger, and it can also be why he is in danger. The poor man has neither problem.
Read both lines
A ransom is what you pay to get someone back, so the first line says a rich man's wealth is what can save his life, and by implication what makes him worth taking. The second line is compressed and reads oddly: the poor man "does not hear rebuke," most plainly meaning no one threatens him because there is nothing to extract. Read that way the verse is wry rather than pious, noting that wealth purchases a rescue from a danger that poverty never generates. It is the same coin as verse 7, refusing to treat riches as straightforwardly good, and the book will say elsewhere that a person who trusts them falls.
Related: Proverbs 11:28 · Proverbs 13:7 · Proverbs 10:15
New King James Version®, Copyright © 1982, Thomas Nelson. All rights reserved. Full copyright information. Scripture provided by API.Bible.
Go Deeper
If this verse has been used to put weight on you that it was never carrying, ask about it directly.